Triethanolamine

What is Triethanolamine?

Triethanolamine, often abbreviated as TEA, is a synthetic organic compound classified as a tertiary ethanolamine alcohol with the chemical formula C6H15NO3. It appears as a colorless to pale yellow viscous liquid with a mild ammonia-like odor. In cosmetics, it finds primary application in rinse-off formulations such as shampoos, shower gels, facial cleansers, and some makeup removers, as well as select leave-on products like lotions. Functionally, it neutralizes acidic components, particularly fatty acids, to produce soap salts that boost cleansing power. As a surfactant, it lowers surface tension between liquids and solids, facilitating dirt removal and foam generation. In emulsification, it forms a stabilizing film at oil-water boundaries, preventing phase separation for uniform textures. It also buffers against pH fluctuations and aids in odor masking or fragrance delivery.

Comedogenic Rating 2/5 Moderate risk
EWG Safety Rating 5 View on EWG →
PubChem View on PubChem →

Roles in Formulation

This ingredient serves the following purposes in cosmetic formulations:

Fragrance ingredient
Contributes scent character and/or masks base odors, shaping the overall sensory experience of the formula (subject to allergen and IFRA considerations).
PH adjuster
Raises or lowers pH to the target range, supporting ingredient performance, preservative efficacy, stability, and user comfort.
Surfactant
Lowers surface tension to enable cleansing, emulsifying, and foaming; central to shampoos, body washes, and many emulsions and micellar systems.
Emulsifying agent
Enables stable mixing of oil and water phases by forming an interfacial film, helping create lotions, creams, and cleansers with consistent texture.
Buffering agent
Maintains the pH stability of a formulation.
Masking
Reduces perception of unpleasant odors or tastes by neutralizing them or covering them with more acceptable sensory notes.

Benefits

Supports stable pH levels to optimize formula performance and ingredient compatibility.

Promotes effective cleansing and foaming in washes through surfactant properties.

Stabilizes emulsions for consistent lotion and cream textures.

Who It's For

A quick guide for who this ingredient may suit (and who should be cautious).

Who May Benefit Who Should Avoid
Users of daily cleansers seeking reliable foaming action.
People with sensitive skin prone to irritation.
Individuals preferring stable, well-mixed lotion formulas.
Acne-prone individuals due to moderate comedogenic potential.
Those needing pH-balanced products for routine skincare.
Those with known allergies to amines or surfactants.

Safety Notes

  • Rated high concern by some databases for potential irritation and contamination risks.
  • Use in rinse-off products minimizes exposure compared to leave-on applications.

Frequently Asked Questions about Triethanolamine

What does triethanolamine do in skincare?

It adjusts pH, cleanses via surfactant action, emulsifies phases, and stabilizes formulas.

Is triethanolamine safe for daily use?

Deemed safe in rinse-off products by cosmetic safety panels, with caveats for sensitive skin.

Can triethanolamine clog pores?

It carries a moderate comedogenic rating, so caution advised for acne-prone skin.