Propyl Gallate

Benefits
Antioxidant

What is Propyl Gallate?

Propyl gallate is a synthetic ester of gallic acid, a plant-derived polyphenol, and n-propanol, with the chemical name propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate. It functions as a phenolic antioxidant in the preservative and stabilizer category of cosmetics. In formulations like creams, lotions, and serums, it works by scavenging free radicals and donating electrons to halt chain reactions of oxidation in unsaturated fats, volatile fragrances, and light-sensitive compounds. This action maintains product integrity, averting issues such as off-odors, discoloration, and breakdown of functional ingredients. Additionally, it contributes to fragrance retention by protecting scent molecules from degradation. Commonly used at trace levels, it integrates seamlessly without impacting viscosity or sensory qualities, supporting long-term formula performance across various product types.

Comedogenic Rating 0/5 Low risk of clogging pores
EWG Safety Rating 3 View on EWG →
PubChem View on PubChem →

Roles in Formulation

This ingredient serves the following purposes in cosmetic formulations:

Antioxidant
Slows oxidation of oils, fragrances, and sensitive actives to improve shelf life and reduce rancidity or color change; sometimes also supports skin protection from oxidative stress.
Fragrance ingredient
Contributes scent character and/or masks base odors, shaping the overall sensory experience of the formula (subject to allergen and IFRA considerations).

Benefits

Prevents rancidity in oil-based products for maintained freshness.

Protects sensitive actives from oxidative degradation.

Preserves fragrance stability for consistent sensory experience.

Who It's For

A quick guide for who this ingredient may suit (and who should be cautious).

Who May Benefit Who Should Avoid
Users of oil-rich moisturizers needing extended stability.
People with gallate sensitivities or contact allergies.
Those with formulas containing natural extracts prone to oxidation.
Those experiencing irritation from phenolic compounds.
Individuals preferring products with reliable antioxidant protection.
Sensitive skin users prone to preservative reactions.

Safety Notes

  • Assessed safe for cosmetic use by review panels with moderate EWG rating.
  • Non-comedogenic, unlikely to clog pores.

Frequently Asked Questions about Propyl Gallate

What does propyl gallate do in skincare?

It acts as an antioxidant to slow oxidation, stabilizing oils, fragrances, and actives for longer shelf life.

Is propyl gallate safe for skin?

Generally safe per cosmetic safety assessments, with low irritation potential but monitor for personal sensitivities.

Does it clog pores?

No, it has a comedogenic rating of zero.