PEG
What is PEG?
PEGs are a family of synthetic polymers of ethylene oxide used in skincare as humectants, emulsifiers, solvents, and penetration enhancers. They come in various molecular weights (e.g., PEG-40, PEG-100), with lower numbers indicating thicker consistency and higher numbers being more water-soluble. PEGs help improve product texture, spreadability, and the delivery of active ingredients into the skin.
Roles in Formulation
This ingredient serves the following purposes in cosmetic formulations:
Solubilizing agent
Helps incorporate oils and fragrance into water-based formulas by forming micro-solutions, enabling clear sprays, toners, and micellar products.
Emulsifying agent
Enables stable mixing of oil and water phases by forming an interfacial film, helping create lotions, creams, and cleansers with consistent texture.
Humectant
Attracts and holds water in the stratum corneum, boosting hydration and plumpness; commonly used in moisturizers, cleansers, and hair conditioners.
Skin conditioning agent
Maintains skin softness, smoothness, and flexibility.
Viscosity controlling agent
Adjusts thickness to the desired level for stability and usability, improving dispensing, suspension, and texture across many formulation types.
Surfactant
Lowers surface tension to enable cleansing, emulsifying, and foaming; central to shampoos, body washes, and many emulsions and micellar systems.