Malonic Acid

What is Malonic Acid?

Malonic acid, chemically known as propanedioic acid, is the smallest dicarboxylic acid with the formula HOOC-CH2-COOH, featuring two carboxyl groups linked by a single methylene unit. It appears naturally in trace amounts in certain fruits like apples but is synthetically manufactured for industrial applications, including cosmetics. In skincare formulations, it serves as a functional ingredient within the pH control and sensory categories. It works by donating or accepting protons to fine-tune the product's acidity or alkalinity, ensuring compatibility among components. As a buffering agent, it resists pH shifts during storage or use, preserving efficacy and safety. Additionally, it aids in fragrance systems by providing a neutral base that helps blend scents or cover off-notes, resulting in a smoother olfactory profile without overpowering the product.

Comedogenic Rating 0/5 Low risk of clogging pores
EWG Safety Rating 1 View on EWG →
PubChem View on PubChem →

Roles in Formulation

This ingredient serves the following purposes in cosmetic formulations:

Fragrance ingredient
Contributes scent character and/or masks base odors, shaping the overall sensory experience of the formula (subject to allergen and IFRA considerations).
PH adjuster
Raises or lowers pH to the target range, supporting ingredient performance, preservative efficacy, stability, and user comfort.
Buffering agent
Maintains the pH stability of a formulation.

Benefits

Supports pH balance to enhance overall formula performance and ingredient stability.

Acts as a buffering agent to prevent pH fluctuations over time.

Contributes to fragrance character for a pleasant sensory experience.

Who It's For

A quick guide for who this ingredient may suit (and who should be cautious).

Who May Benefit Who Should Avoid
Individuals preferring stable, long-shelf-life skincare products.
Those with hypersensitivity to dicarboxylic acids.
Users who appreciate subtle scent profiles in formulations.
Individuals preferring completely fragrance-free products.
People seeking non-comedogenic ingredients for clearer skin compatibility.
People with ultra-sensitive skin opting for minimal acid-containing formulas.

Safety Notes

  • Low hazard rating from verified cosmetic safety assessments.
  • Non-comedogenic, suitable for most skin types in typical use.

Frequently Asked Questions about Malonic Acid

What is malonic acid's main role in cosmetics?

It adjusts and buffers pH while contributing to fragrance profiles for stable, pleasant products.

Is malonic acid safe for daily skincare use?

Yes, it carries a low safety hazard profile in typical cosmetic concentrations.

Does malonic acid clog pores?

No, it has a comedogenic rating of zero, making it suitable for acne-prone skin.