Ethylene Glycol

What is Ethylene Glycol?

Ethylene glycol is a clear, viscous, odorless liquid alcohol derived from the reaction of ethylene oxide with water, belonging to the glycol family of compounds. Chemically known as 1,2-ethanediol (C2H6O2), it functions primarily in skincare and cosmetic formulations as a multifunctional ingredient. It draws moisture into the skin layers as a humectant, dissolves both polar and non-polar substances as a solvent to ensure even distribution of actives, and modifies product thickness as a viscosity agent for better spreadability and stability. Commonly found in concentrations under a few percent in rinse-off cleansers, fragrances, and some leave-on moisturizers, it enhances overall product performance without altering texture significantly. Its dual hydrophilic and solvent properties make it versatile across water-based and emulsion systems, though usage has declined in favor of safer alternatives like propylene glycol.

Comedogenic Rating 0/5 Low risk of clogging pores
EWG Safety Rating 6 View on EWG →
PubChem View on PubChem →

Roles in Formulation

This ingredient serves the following purposes in cosmetic formulations:

Fragrance ingredient
Contributes scent character and/or masks base odors, shaping the overall sensory experience of the formula (subject to allergen and IFRA considerations).
Humectant
Attracts and holds water in the stratum corneum, boosting hydration and plumpness; commonly used in moisturizers, cleansers, and hair conditioners.
Solvent
Dissolves and carries other ingredients, helping control viscosity, evaporation rate, and delivery of actives in both water- and oil-based systems.
Viscosity controlling agent
Adjusts thickness to the desired level for stability and usability, improving dispensing, suspension, and texture across many formulation types.

Benefits

Supports skin hydration by attracting water to the surface.

Helps dissolve and blend other ingredients for uniform formulas.

Controls product thickness for smooth application and stability.

Who It's For

A quick guide for who this ingredient may suit (and who should be cautious).

Who May Benefit Who Should Avoid
People using humectant-rich moisturizers for daily hydration.
Those with highly sensitive skin due to potential irritation risks.
Individuals with normal skin seeking solvent-enhanced product delivery.
Children or individuals using products prone to accidental ingestion.
Users of cleansers needing viscosity adjustment for better lather.
People preferring formulations without high-hazard rated ingredients.

Safety Notes

  • Rated high concern by some databases for potential systemic toxicity if absorbed in large amounts.
  • Generally low skin penetration, but monitor for allergic reactions in patch tests.

Frequently Asked Questions about Ethylene Glycol

What is ethylene glycol used for in skincare?

It acts as a humectant to boost hydration, solvent to mix ingredients, and viscosity controller for product texture.

Is ethylene glycol safe for skin?

Safe at typical cosmetic levels with low irritation potential, though some hazard databases rate it higher due to ingestion risks.

Does it cause breakouts?

No, it has a comedogenic rating of 0, meaning it does not clog pores.