Ammonium Persulfate

What is Ammonium Persulfate?

Ammonium persulfate is an inorganic compound, specifically the diammonium salt of persulfuric acid, appearing as a white crystalline powder. In cosmetics, it belongs to the category of hair bleaching and coloring agents. It functions by decomposing in the presence of water or activators to release reactive oxygen species and sulfate radicals. These species oxidize melanin pigments in hair shafts, lightening natural or artificial color through controlled chemical degradation. This process is key in professional and at-home hair lightening systems, often combined with other persulfates or hydrogen peroxide for enhanced stability and efficacy. Its reactivity requires precise formulation to prevent excessive damage or instability, making it suitable primarily for rinse-off applications in oxidative hair treatments.

Comedogenic Rating 0/5 Low risk of clogging pores
EWG Safety Rating 4-7 View on EWG →

Roles in Formulation

This ingredient serves the following purposes in cosmetic formulations:

Oxidizing agent
Provides controlled oxidation for functions like hair bleaching/dye development or stain breakdown; must be balanced for stability and safety in the formula.
Bleaching
Lightens color by chemically breaking down pigments (typically via oxidation), used in hair lightening systems and some stain-removal or brightening applications.

Benefits

Supports effective hair lightening by oxidizing pigments.

Facilitates development in permanent hair dyes.

Assists in breaking down stains for brighter results.

Who It's For

A quick guide for who this ingredient may suit (and who should be cautious).

Who May Benefit Who Should Avoid
Individuals seeking dramatic hair color changes.
Those with known allergies to persulfates.
Users of professional bleaching treatments.
People with sensitive or damaged scalps.
People experimenting with lightened hair shades.
Individuals prone to contact dermatitis.

Safety Notes

  • May cause skin sensitization or irritation in susceptible users.
  • Primarily used in rinse-off products to minimize exposure.

Frequently Asked Questions about Ammonium Persulfate

What products contain Ammonium Persulfate?

Mainly hair bleaching powders and oxidative color developers.

Is it safe for skin contact?

It carries risks of irritation and allergy, best for rinse-off use.

How does it work in hair care?

It generates radicals to oxidize and lighten hair pigments.